Book Carol Gilligan

Carol Gilligan is an American psychologist and philosopher whose research on moral development, voice and relationships reshaped thinking in psychology, education and ethics. Her landmark book In a Different Voice (1982) argued that people make moral choices through distinct inner voices and perspectives, challenging Lawrence Kohlberg's stage model, and it laid the foundation for what became known as the ethics of care, which she originated. Gilligan began teaching at the University of Chicago in the mid-1960s, joined Harvard as a lecturer in 1967 and earned tenure as a full professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education in 1988, later holding the Patricia Albjerg Graham Chair in Gender Studies. She served as Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at the University of Cambridge from 1992 to 1994 and now teaches humanities and applied psychology at New York University. In 1991 she co-founded the all-female theater troupe Company of Women with Kristin Linklater. Time named her among America's 25 most influential people in 1996. Her honors include the Grawemeyer Award (1992) and the Heinz Award (1998), and her later books include Why Does Patriarchy Persist? (2018). Gilligan speaks on listening, ethics and human connection.